Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. Many of trivial problems ( playing Connect 4) were solved by computers but there are many things that computers aren’t good at which we find trivial: recognizing familiar faces, speaking our own language, deciding what to do next, and being creative. These are the domain of AI: trying to work out what kinds of algorithms are needed to display these properties
In academia, some AI researchers are motivated by philosophy: understanding the nature of thought and the nature of intelligence and building software to model how thinking might work. Some are motivated by psychology: understanding the mechanics of the human brain and mental processes. Others are motivated by engineering: building algorithms to perform human-like task. Where game developers concerns with the last motivation.
Applications and Problems:
In academia, some AI researchers are motivated by philosophy: understanding the nature of thought and the nature of intelligence and building software to model how thinking might work. Some are motivated by psychology: understanding the mechanics of the human brain and mental processes. Others are motivated by engineering: building algorithms to perform human-like task. Where game developers concerns with the last motivation.
Applications and Problems:
- Deduction, reasoning, problem solving: Early AI researchers developed algorithms that imitated the step-by-step reasoning that humans were often assumed to use when they solve puzzles, play board games or make logical deductions.
- Knowledge representation: Many of the problems machines are expected to solve will require extensive knowledge about the world
- Planning: Intelligent agents must be able to set goals and achieve them.
- Learning: Machine learning has been central to AI research from the beginning. Unsupervised learning is the ability to find patterns in a stream of input.
- Natural language processing: gives machines the ability to read and understand the languages that humans speak
- Motion and manipulation: Intelligence is required for robots to be able to handle such tasks as object manipulation and navigation, with sub-problems of localization (knowing where you are), mapping (learning what is around you) and motion planning (figuring out how to get there).
- Perception: Machine perception is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras, microphones, sonar and others more exotic) to deduce aspects of the world
- Social intelligence: Emotion and social skills play two roles for an intelligent agent.
- Creativity: A sub-field of AI addresses creativity both theoretically (from a philosophical and psychological perspective) and practically (via specific implementations of systems that generate outputs that can be considered creative).
- General intelligence: Most researchers hope that their work will eventually be incorporated into a machine with general intelligence (known as strong AI), combining all the skills above and exceeding human abilities at most or all of them.